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Crop Protection and Grain Storage – फसलों का संरक्षण एवं अनाज का भण्डारण

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September 24, 2021Dinner Recipes

Crop Protection and Grain Storage – फसलों का संरक्षण एवं अनाज का भण्डारण

Crop Protection and Grain Storage – Various activities related to agriculture are performed by human beings. These include plowing the fields, sowing seeds, weeding, hoeing, irrigation etc. Apart from these, protection of crops and safe storage of grains are other two important tasks in agriculture. In this chapter we will study these two processes.

कृषि से संबंधित विभिन्न क्रियाकलाप मानव द्वारा किए जाते हैं। इनमें खेतों की जुताई बीजों की बुआई, निराई, गुडाई, सिंचाई आदि सम्मिलित हैं। इनके अलावा फसलों का संरक्षण व अनाज का सुरक्षित भण्डारण कृषि में अन्य दो महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य हैं। इस अध्याय में हम इन दो प्रक्रियाओं का अध्ययन करेंगे।

various processes in agriculture – कृषि में होने वाली विभिन्न प्रक्रियाओं को सूचिबद्ध करना।

1. खेतों की जुताई
2. बीजों की बुआई
3. पौधों की रोपाई
4. निराई
5. गुड़ाई
6. फसल संरक्षण
7. सिंचाई
8. कटाई
9. कढ़ाई
10. बीजों का सुरक्षित भण्डारण

Protection of crops – फसलों का संरक्षण :

फसलों के अनेक दुश्मन हैं, इनमें आवारा पशु, पक्षी, खरपतवार व विभिन्न कीट शामिल हैं। फसलों को इन आवारा पशुओं, पक्षियों, खरपतवार व कीटों से बचाना फसलों का संरक्षण कहलाता है। (Crop Protection and Grain Storage)

आवारा पशुओं से सुरक्षा :

– खेत के चारों ओर काँटेदार बाड़ लगाकर।
– मेंढ़ बाँधकर ।

पक्षियों से सुरक्षा :

– कनस्तर बजाकर |
– खेत के बीच मचान या डरावनी आकृति बनाकर।

कीटाणुओं से सुरक्षा :

– कीटाणु नाशक दवाओं का छिड़काव ।
– ग्रस्ति पौधे को उखाड़कर जमीन में दबाकर व जलाकर।
– प्रामाणिक जीवाणु रहित बीजों का इस्तेमाल करके।

– कीटनाशक या खरपतवार नाशक दवाओं के इस्तेमाल में रखी जाने वाली सावधानियों की सूची तैयार करना।
– प्रामाणिक बीज प्राप्त करने वाले विभिन्न केन्द्रों की सूची तैयार करें। (Crop Protection and Grain Storage)

– फसलों की शीत से सुरक्षा
– सायंकाल खेतों के पास धुआँ करके

बीजों का भण्डारण:

List the agricultural materials used in fresh and dry conditions. Substances used in fresh state and Substances used in dry state

Many agricultural products like pulses, cereals etc. are used in dry condition. Various uses are done to protect them from insects and bacteria. which are like this

Moisturizing the seeds before storage.
To store food grains in iron or plastic drums.
By making the storage space moisture free and ventilated.
By using dry leaves of neem and insecticides in stored grains.
By storing grains and vegetables in cold storages. (Crop Protection and Grain Storage)

ताजी व शुष्क अवस्थाओं में इस्तेमाल होने वाले कृषि पदार्थों की सूची बनाएँ। ताजी अवस्था में उपयोग होने वाले पदार्थ और शुष्क अवस्था में उपयोग होने वाले पदार्थ

बहुत से कृषि उत्पाद जैसे दालें, अनाज आदि शुष्क अवस्था में प्रयोग किए जाते हैं। इन्हें कीटों व जीवाणुओं से बचाने के लिए विभिन्न प्रयोग किए जाते हैं। जो इस प्रकार हैं

– भण्डारण से पहले बीजों को नमी रहित करना।
– अनाज का भण्डारण लोहे अथवा प्लास्टिक के ड्रमों में करना।
– भण्डारण स्थान को नमी रहित व हवादार बनाकर।
– भण्डारित अनाज में नीम की सूखी पत्तियों व कीटनाशकों का प्रयोग करके।
– अनाज व सब्जियों को शीत गृहों में भण्डारित करके।

– अनाज को नष्ट करने वाले कीटों की सूची तैयार करना।
– भारतीय खाद्य निगम व मण्डियों में अनाज का भण्डारण
– अनाज की बोरियों को सीमेंट से बने प्लेटफॉर्म पर लकड़ी के तख्तों पर रखकर।
– अनाज की बोरियों को पॉलीथीन या तिरपाल से ढककर रखना।

विशेष ध्यान :

भण्डारित अनाज, दालों, फलों व सब्जियों को इस्तेमाल करने से पूर्व भली प्रकार से धोना चाहिए। इससे कीटनाशकों का प्रभाव कम हो जाता है, जो हमारे शरीर के लिए हानिकारक हैं। (Crop Protection and Grain Storage)

 

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